Pragmatic Competence: Exploring the Influence of Cultural Background on Pragmatic Competence in ESL Learners

Abstract

The primary objective of this paper is to illustrate how culture influences the process of learning English as a second language worldwide. Language and culture are intricately intertwined, akin to two sides of the same coin. The comprehension of culture holds the utmost significance in comprehending any language. Mitchell and Myles (2004) posit that "language and culture are not separate but acquired together, with each mutually reinforcing the development of the other." Disparities in culture can give rise to numerous errors and misunderstandings. Thus, this paper aims to address the perplexing inquiries surrounding the impact of culture on English language acquisition, exploring the specific ways in which cultural factors shape language learning outcomes. Furthermore, it endeavors to shed light on effective strategies for teachers and learners to navigate and bridge cultural differences, thereby enhancing the overall English language learning experience. Language influences not only individuals' values and behaviors
but also their sense of identity. When it comes to learning the English language, various skills such as grammar, writing, listening, and speaking come into play. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the influence of Pakistani culture on the learning of these four language skills. Moreover, it is essential to acknowledge the reciprocal relationship between both aspects; language and culture, as they are deeply intertwined and mutually shaping.