The Frailty Syndrome and Lifestyle Practices among Elderly Muslims

Abstract

This cross-sectional study examines lifestyle factors and a positive attitude towards aging as predictors of general wellness and life satisfaction in older adults. The sample comprised 203 randomly selected elderly Muslims, aged 60 to 85 years, from six urban and rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected using self-constructed questionnaires designed to assess the prevalence of frailty and other health-related conditions. The Subjective Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2008) was supplemented with additional scales to evaluate satisfaction with current life circumstances. The findings revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 68.28 years (SD = 5.48). Chronic frailty was prevalent among the elderly population, with cognitive decline being more pronounced than physical decline. Women were more affected by this condition than men. Chronic frailty and poor nutritional status emerged as significant concerns. Nutritional status in older adults was found to be compromised due to several factors, including reduced appetite, dysphagia, limited access to healthy foods, and chronic health conditions. A sharp decline in physiological functions, such as blood pressure and renal issues, was reported by the majority of respondents, along with complaints of general exhaustion and weakness. The results also revealed that participation in religious activities increases with age. Most respondents cited religion as a source of strength, helping them cope with life’s challenges and the unpleasant experiences associated with aging. The study concludes that religious life style and a positive attitude towards aging can decrease frailty and improve general wellbeing and life satisfaction among older adults. It is recommended that Comprehensive care plans should integrate religious resources to address psychological well-being. Community-based frailty prevention programs must be introduced to address the unique needs of elderly women, focusing on nutritional support, mental health, and social inclusion.